Full-Endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression Under Surgeon-Directed Local Anesthesia in Older Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Background and Objectives: Older patients with lumbar spinal stenosis often have comorbidities and limited physiological reserve that complicate conventional decompression under general anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical technique and preliminary 1-year clinical outcomes of full-endoscopic unilateral...