The Relationship Between the Frontal Anterior Buttress and the Frontoethmoidal Angle in 2-Dimensional Assessment and Its Impact on Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery Outcomes
ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the two-dimensional relationship between the anterior frontal buttress (AFB) and the frontoethmoidal angle (FEA), and its impact on surgical difficulty and complications in endoscopic frontal sinus surgery (EFSS).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 35 adult patients who underwent EFSS between 2021 and 2024. Preoperative high-resolution sagittal computed tomography (CT) scans were used to measure angles between the frontal apex and superior (BS/FA), inferior (BI/FA) frontal buttress, and the nasal spine (NS/FA), as well as the frontal recess diameter (FRD). Patient demographics, SNOT-22 and Lund-Mackay scores, surgical duration, complications, and revision history were recorded. Statistical correlations between anatomical measurements and surgical outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThirty-five patients were analyzed; the complication rate was 22.9% (n=8). Frontal apex–related angles did not differ by sex (all p>0.05). Patients with complications had significantly larger bilateral frontal apex–related angles and narrower bilateral frontal recess diameters (all p