Assigning credit to intermediate steps remains a central challenge in training Large Language Models (LLMs) on multi-step reasoning tasks with sparse terminal rewards, and actor-critic methods such as PPO address this by learning value functions to construct token-level advantages. Their effectiveness, however, hinges...
Kun Liang, Chenming Tang, Clive Bai et al.· 0 citations
We present Hunyuan-A13B, an open-source large language model based on a Mixture-of-Experts architecture. It contains 80 billion total parameters but activates only 13 billion during inference, balancing model capability, computational efficiency, and deployment cost. The model is pretrained on a rigorously filtered 20T...
Tencent Hunyuan Team, Ao Liu, Bo Zhou et al.· 0 citations
Hybrid-thinking multimodal large language models (MLLMs) allow a single model to alternate between deliberative thinking and latency-efficient non-thinking inference. Although these modes differ in reasoning budget, their delivered responses should satisfy the same user-facing standard. Correctness alone may not charac...
Xinming Wang, Wei-Nong Wang, Hongming Yang et al.· 1 citation· ⚡1
This work compares three fusion paradigms by the artefacts they reuse and suggests that Merge when experts already exist and cheap fusion is paramount; Mix RL when training a unified model without experts, with domain proportions adjusted for cross-domain transfer; and MOPD when preserving domain-specific gains matters...
Sicheng Wu, Kai Yang, Yuchen Cai et al.· 0 citations
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