Sakura Isayama

Sedative effects of administration through the nares of dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus): a preliminary crossover study.

Findings indicate that administration through the nares dexmedetomidine at 0.06 or 0.08 mg/kg combined with midazolam and butorphanol provides deeper, more stable, and reversible sedation and improved control of stress responses in cockatiels and may represent a clinically useful protocol in this species.