Zinc-substituted copper ferrite (Cu1-xZnxFe2O4) nanocomposites were synthesized in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) matrix via a sol–gel auto-combustion method to enhance biocompatibility and functional performance. Structural, optical, morphological, and magnetic properties were systematically investigated using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and VSM. XRD confirmed a single-phase inverse spinel cubic structure, with crystallite sizes decreasing from 14.63 nm (pristine) to 9.14, 8.21, and 9.90 nm for x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively, based on the Williamson–Hall method. A slight reduction in bandgap energy (3.56–3.52 eV) was observed with increasing Zn content. FTIR analysis verified PEG functionalization, indicating improved stability and biocompatibility. SEM images revealed agglomerated nanostructures with rough surfaces, promoting reactive oxygen species generation and metal ion (Cu2+/Zn2+) release, which are beneficial for antimicrobial activity. Magnetic measurements demonstrated superparamagnetic behavior with near-zero coercivity, supporting biomedical applicability. The nanocomposites exhibited enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activities compared to standard drugs (cefixime and clotrimazole), with stronger effects against fungal strains. Additionally, notable antioxidant activity was observed. These findings highlight the potential of PEG-assisted Zn-substituted copper ferrite nanocomposites as multifunctional materials for antimicrobial and antioxidant biomedical applications.
Ogheneochuko D. Oyaide, Christian Nwabunwanne, L. Obagboye et al.· Journal of Biomimetics, Biom...· 0 citations
The escalation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a serious global threat to public health, with AMR-associated mortality estimated to increase by 70% by 2050. As pathogens evolve through enzymatic inactivation, target modification, efflux-mediated clearance, biofilm formation, and broader genetic adaptation, conventional therapies are increasingly compromised, while the antibiotic development pipeline remains critically constrained by high discovery and development costs, weak commercial incentives, and the escalating complexity of resistance mechanisms. This review comprehensively synthesizes advanced pharmacological and biotechnological innovations designed to circumvent these entrenched resistance mechanisms. We highlight the development of novel therapeutic classes, particularly lariocidin, which disrupts bacterial protein synthesis via a previously unexploited ribosomal-binding site. Moreover, we critically evaluate molecular interventions, emphasizing CRISPR/Cas-based gene silencing and genome editing as precise tools to neutralize specific resistance determinants, such as the mecA gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Concurrently, we explore the integration of engineered nanoparticles to revitalize existing antimicrobials by overcoming biofilm barriers, improving drug solubility, and enabling targeted delivery. Collectively, mastering the evolving AMR landscape requires a multidimensional framework that seamlessly integrates these novel molecular targets with advanced rapid diagnostics and robust international governance.
Ilknur Yilmaz, B. Yoğurtçu, Samson O. Aisida et al.· Molecules· 0 citations
