Open access
Aug 2026
Spatio-temporal Modelling of H5N1 Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Europe (2021-2024)
A data-driven spatio-temporal framework that integrates geospatial, ecological and climatic datasets to explain and forecast the dynamics of H5N1 outbreaks between 2021 and 2024 indicates that H5N1 transmission is structured by ecological drivers and local persistence mechanisms rather than purely seasonal effects.
Mehak Jindal, Samsung Lim, Raina MacIntyre
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