Rare-Beat Detection in Heterogeneous ECG: Federated Learning Under Severe Class Imbalance and Class-Missing Clients
Remote arrhythmia monitoring in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) systems is challenged by electrocardiogram (ECG) class imbalance, acquisition heterogeneity, and privacy restrictions that limit centralized data sharing. These challenges become more severe in federated learning (FL), where clients may exhibit statistic...