Sanaz Alaee

Endocrine-metabolic modulators in sperm biotechnology: cross-species mechanisms and translational priorities

Endocrine-metabolic dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a determinant of male reproductive competence. Its implications for sperm biotechnology remain under-integrated. This review advances a systems framework in which insulin resistance (IR), adipokine imbalance, and vitamin D-calcium signaling converge on cor...