Integrated Geochemical and Spatial Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metal Contamination in Urban Soils of Turkestan, Kazakhstan: Implications for Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Urban Development
Urban soils are sensitive indicators of environmental quality and anthropogenic pressure, particularly in arid regions where pollutant accumulation is enhanced by limited precipitation and intense evaporation. This study aimed to assess physicochemical properties, heavy metal contamination, spatial heterogeneity, and p...