Growth Hormone Deficiency and Systemic Metabolic Remodeling: Insights from Metabolomics and Lipidomics
Growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) is a systemic endocrine–metabolic disorder affecting growth, body composition, substrate handling, and cardiometabolic health. Clinical evaluation relies primarily on GH stimulation testing and circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), but these measures incompletely reflect...