Open access
Oct 2026
Spirometry-Assessed Obstructive Airway Disease and Its Determinants among Male Bidi and Cigarette Smokers in Rural Odisha, India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Tobacco smoking, particularly bidi use, is highly prevalent in rural India and is associated with significant respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity. The purpose was to compare spirometry parameters between bidi and cigarette smokers, estimate the prevalence of obstructive airway disease (OAD), and assess...
Jyotishka Mukherjee, P. Panda, S. C. Das et al.
· National Journal of Communit... · 0 citations