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Shafiq Banat

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Open access Jul 2026

A Cross-Cultural and Linguistic Study of Refusals: A Comparative Investigation of the Jordanian and Egyptian Pragmatic Competence

This paper is a conceptual comparative study of refusal strategies that are employed by Jordanian and Egyptian speakers, emphasizing how cultural and linguistic factors shape these strategies. Understanding the utilization of these strategies is vital for comprehending the responses of those receiving refusals. This study investigates the diverse refusal strategies applied by Jordanian and Egyptian student speakers to discover the cultural and linguistic influences on their choices. Data will be collected through interviews and memos employing Beebe et al.’s (1990) framework. The expected results are anticipated to elucidate the significant influence of linguistic and cultural factors on the articulated refusal strategies employed by the students. The study also aims to recognize the different types of refusal strategies commonly used by Jordanian and Egyptian student speakers. Eventually, this research will provide a basis for future investigations into the discursive markers utilized by Jordanian and Egyptian speakers in their interactions. Examining the implicit and explicit discursive markers of refusal will assist in getting an in-depth understanding of the linguistic and cultural impacts on Jordanian and Egyptian speeches.

Shafiq Banat · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

Developing EFL students’ Socio-Pragmatic Competence: A Conceptual Comparative Study of Compliment Response Strategies between Jordanian and Iraqi Speakers

In everyday conversations, people frequently use compliments as a means of interaction. Because of societal and cultural considerations, compliment behaviors vary across countries. This study examined the socio-pragmatic competence of EFL students by comparing compliment strategies between Jordanian and Iraqi speakers in an academic setting. The sample of the study includes undergraduate students at Jerash University and Knowledge University in Erbil who study in the English departments. It is a qualitative study that adopts a mixed-methods approach using two research tools, namely observation and interviews. The analytical framework used to analyze the data is proposed by Herbert's (1986,1990). The expected results aim to identify the various types of compliment responses employed by both groups. The compliment strategies mentioned in the analytical framework are acceptance, mitigation/deflection, rejection, no response, and request interpretation. This study recommends future research comparing the expected findings with students in other cultural contexts in other countries.

Shafiq Banat · 0 citations