Shan-Shan Wu

Adaptive Block Relative Edge Density (ABRED): An Interpretable Feature for Tunnel Surrounding Rock Fracture Identification

Highlights What are the main findings? The ABRED feature framework addresses three key challenges, including spatial inconsistency, multiplicative lighting effects, and multi-scale variability, by integrating gradient-based, variance-driven quadtree decomposition; a relative density metric computed from eight surroundi...