Research progress on drugs targeting mitochondria‑associated membranes for the treatment of atherosclerosis (Review).
Mitochondria‑associated membranes (MAMs) are specialized contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and serve as the structural foundation for material exchange and signal transduction between these two organelles. MAMs serve critical roles in lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and inflammatory regulation, all of which are closely involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Dysregulation of MAM function can promote oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, thereby accelerating atherosclerotic progression. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which MAMs regulate key cellular processes and influence AS development. Advances in therapeutic agents that target MAMs are summarized, including metformin, statins, 4‑phenylbutyric acid and traditional Chinese medicine compounds, which exert anti‑atherosclerotic effects by restoring MAM integrity, modulating calcium signalling and inhibiting inflammasome activation. By integrating the current knowledge on MAM biology and pharmacology, the present review aims to provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of AS through targeted regulation of MAMs.