Coronary microvascular dysfunction in HFpEF: pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, treatments, and the amplifying potential of sepsis
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome in which coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) emerges as a central, prevalent pathobiologic substrate across multiple phenotypic clusters. CMD in HFpEF arises from intertwined mechanisms including systemic inflammation, impaired NO-c...