Arterial-to-end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient as a risk marker for recorded 90-day mortality in intracranial neurosurgery: a retrospective INSPIRE cohort study of patients with early blood gas monitoring.
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the first-hour arterial-to-end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient as a marker of recorded 90-day mortality, distinguishing association, component interpretation and incremental prediction. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING INSPIRE v1.4.2, covering surgery from 2011 to 2020. PATIENT...