Preliminary gastroprotective effect of aqueous Bixa orellana leaf extract in an HCl/ethanol‑induced gastric ulcer rat model
Gastric ulceration develops when aggressive luminal factors overwhelm gastric mucosal defense. Bixa orellana leaves are used traditionally for gastrointestinal complaints, but direct evidence for aqueous B. orellana leaf extract (BOE) in chemically induced gastric ulcer models remains limited. This exploratory study ev...