Author

Shu-Ze Liu

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Preprint Sep 2026

Do Defenses Against LLM Extraction Work Across Attacks? A Lifecycle Benchmark of Black-Box Model Extraction

Large language models (LLMs) deployed through text-only APIs face model extraction risks, as adversaries can collect their responses to train surrogates that reproduce their capabilities. While prior work has developed diverse attacks and defenses, evaluations remain fragmented across access assumptions, model configur...

Shu-Ze Liu, Kai-Xiang Zhao, Run-Yang Xu et al. · 0 citations

#natural language process... Jun 2026

An Embarrassingly Simple Detector for Model Extraction Attacks in Large Language Model API Traffic

This work forms model extraction monitoring as benign-calibrated traffic-window distribution testing: embed incoming queries into a semantic space and test whether their aggregate distribution deviates from historical benign traffic.

Shu-Ze Liu, Qian-Wen Guo, Yushun Dong · arXiv.org · 1 citation