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Sophie Neilson

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#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Comprehension as Compliance: How Grounded Content, Not Form, Moves Small Language Models to Act, and Where It Does Not

A small language model, given a task prefixed with a description of a recurring decision, will often recognize the decision and fail to act on it. This paper draws together a program of studies on that effect and states what drives it. The effect is carried by the content of the description, not by its form: a plain im...

Sophie Neilson · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

Comprehension as Compliance: How Grounded Content, Not Form, Moves Small Language Models to Act, and Where It Does Not

A small language model, given a task prefixed with a description of a recurring decision, will often recognize the decision and fail to act on it. This paper draws together a program of studies on that effect and states what drives it. The effect is carried by the content of the description, not by its form: a plain im...

Sophie Neilson · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Correct Verdicts, Wrong Field: Attribution and Capability Are Dissociable When Small Language Models Follow a Rubric

A behavioral format assay changes the structure of a prompt and reads whether a model’sanswers improve. Verdict accuracy is the usual measure. We show that it is not sufficient,and that a model’s self-reported basis for its answer is not sufficient either. We gave threelocal language models a structured decision rubric...

Sophie Neilson · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Correct Verdicts, Wrong Field: Attribution and Capability Are Dissociable When Small Language Models Follow a Rubric

A behavioral format assay changes the structure of a prompt and reads whether a model’sanswers improve. Verdict accuracy is the usual measure. We show that it is not sufficient,and that a model’s self-reported basis for its answer is not sufficient either. We gave threelocal language models a structured decision rubric...

Sophie Neilson · 0 citations
#software testing Open access Sep 2026

Derived or Observed: A Duty Written From First Principles Covers the Hazards It Can Derive and Misses the Ones Only Observation Reveals: A Reproducible Single-Turn Assay of Procedural-Specification Format and Hazard Coverage

A procedure can be written in more than one form. We compare two forms of a duty (a gated procedure that governs a class of work) for repairing a confirmed software defect. The annotated form is written by reading a hazard registry and citing each entry it guards against, so the finished procedure depends on that regis...

Sophie Neilson · 0 citations
#software testing Open access Sep 2026

Derived or Observed: A Duty Written From First Principles Covers the Hazards It Can Derive and Misses the Ones Only Observation Reveals: A Reproducible Single-Turn Assay of Procedural-Specification Format and Hazard Coverage

A procedure can be written in more than one form. We compare two forms of a duty (a gated procedure that governs a class of work) for repairing a confirmed software defect. The annotated form is written by reading a hazard registry and citing each entry it guards against, so the finished procedure depends on that regis...

Sophie Neilson · 0 citations

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