Effect of preheating temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of smawwelded ASTM A36 steel
This study examines the effect of preheating temperature (N/A, 150 °C, 250 °C, and 350 °C) on the mechanical performance and microstructural evolution of SMAW-welded ASTM A36 steel. Welding was performed under controlled conditions using E7016 and E7018 electrodes, and joint properties were evaluated through tensile te...