TO-mdiSPAs: Topology Optimization of multi-directional Soft Pneumatic Actuators
Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) are highly promising and have been extensively explored within the field of soft robotics. Under pneumatic pressure loads, an SPA undergoes bending deformation to perform specific tasks. A multi- or omni-directional SPA can bend and move in any direction within a 3D space, leveraging its...