Comparative Assessment of Livelihood Security among Diversified Farmers in Northern Bangladesh
This study assessed livelihood security among diversified farmers across three agricultural settings in northern Bangladesh. A total of 348 households were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected through structured interviews and analysed using means, frequencies, percentages, chi-square tests, and analysis of variance. Livelihood security was measured across seven components comprising 35 items, assessed on a three-point continuum. The results revealed notable regional variation in livelihood security. Upland farmers scored highest in terms of habitat ( = 8.67), education ( = 7.57), health ( = 7.98), and environmental security ( = 8.90); Charland farmers presented relatively greater financial ( = 7.56) and social security ( = 7.71); and Barind Tract farmers showed relatively higher food security ( = 8.64). Overall, most farmers (85%) exhibited low to moderate livelihood security. Results revealed a significant association (χ² = 10.74*) between agricultural situations and livelihood security. It further showed a significant difference (F = 4.334*) in mean scores, with Upland farmers achieving the highest overall mean score (46.75). The study concludes that agricultural situations significantly influence livelihood security among diversified farmers. It recommends context-specific, targeted policy interventions to address region-specific needs and improve overall livelihood security in northern Bangladesh.