Open access
Aug 2026
TDO-MSF: A turn-deviation optimized multi-stage framework for smooth three-dimensional UAV trajectories
The proposed Turn-Deviation Optimized Multi-Stage Framework (TDO-MSF) improves trajectory smoothness and obstacle-avoidance performance while maintaining curvature-constrained and trajectory-guided obstacle-avoidance capabilities.
T. Sivanraj, K. Suthendran
· African Scientific Reports · 0 citations