Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Sustainable Timber, Steel, and Reinforced Concrete Beams Using MINLP Cost Optimization and Sensitivity to Material and CO2 Price Variations
Advancing structural sustainability requires a rigorous evaluation of the economic and environmental trade-offs inherent in engineering design and material selection. To address this in sustainable construction, this paper presents a comparative study of the lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) resistance of glulam timber,...