Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Proton Transport in PFSA Membranes: Hydration–Temperature Mechanism Crossover and Cold-Start Implications
Proton transport through perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes sets the ohmic resistance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and is most constrained during cold start, when reduced hydration coincides with sub-ambient temperatures, yet the conditions under which the Grotthuss and vehicle mechanisms dominate remain...