Pharmacological evaluation of vitexin, quercitrin, and isoquercitrin on TNF-α-stimulated human macrophages and their implication for chronic inflammatory condition
Chronic inflammation, a key factor in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), is characterized by excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), IL-1ß, and IL-6, as well as intestinal mucosal damage. Vitexin, quercitrin, and isoquercitrin are flavonoid glycosides commonly...