Diagnostic Performance of Proximal Humeral Cortical Thickness on Digital Radiography Compared with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Bone Mineral Density for Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Referral Center in Indonesia
Background: Osteoporosis causes systemic bone fragility in postmenopausal women. While dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for bone mineral density (BMD) assessment, limited availability impedes routine screening in developing nations. Proximal humeral cortical thickness (HCT) on routine digita...