Ethical perspectives on artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a critical review
Abstract The increasing application of artificial intelligence in medicine has led to significant advances in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diseases. However, its use raises important ethical issues involving medical responsibility, confidentiality, and patient autonomy. This review aimed to analyze the main bioethical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmological practice. Articles addressing the interaction between artificial intelligence, ethics, and ophthalmology were included, with emphasis on risk situations and impacts on clinical decision-making. It is concluded that, despite the great potential of artificial intelligence to improve ophthalmic care, final responsibility for diagnosis and patient management remains exclusively with the physician. Furthermore, the implementation of these technologies must be conducted ethically, ensuring transparency, protection of patient privacy, and compliance with regulatory standards, in order to balance technological innovation with safety and respect for individual rights.