A comprehensive review of Azadirachta indica (Neem): Exploring proximate composition, bioactive compounds, and prospects for antimicrobial activity
Neem, or Azadirachta indica A. Juss., is a tree that is both versatile and native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is frequently employed in traditional medicine to treat skin issues and pyrexia, as well as for environmental protection and insect control. This review reports the multifaceted potential of A. indica (neem), a plant that is profoundly rooted in traditional medicine. Neem has high value due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds, and in particular, has a potential for combating several pathogenic microbial communities. There is an increasing necessity to identify novel antimicrobial agents in light of the alarming increase in drug-resistant pathogens. Neem stands out as a promising option, showcasing a wide range of therapeutic benefits that go beyond just treating common issues like fever and skin problems. Its bioactive compounds boast impressive medicinal properties, offering anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects that can be incredibly useful for tackling complex health conditions. This review emphasizes the importance of methods of bioactive extraction and biochemical features of neem leaf extracts. There are many bioactive substances such as, triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics that contribute to the plant's antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In addition, this review discusses the immunomodulatory effects and the influence of various extraction solvents on the yield and composition of bioactive compounds.