Design and Implementation of a Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Vehicle Based on Cascade PID Control and Complementary Filtering
This paper presents the modeling, embedded implementation, and functional validation of a two-wheeled selfbalancing vehicle. The platform is organized as an invertedpendulum system driven by two independently controlled dc geared motors. An STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller executes the real-time control loop, while an MPU...