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Ting-Liang Feng

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#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Energy Ring: Stabilizing Feature Energy for Reliable Test-Time Discovery

This paper revisits TTD from an energy perspective and finds that the natural energy gap between known and unknown classes is unstable and easily collapses, and proposes Energy Ring to stabilize this gap by anchoring the two types of classes on separate energy rings.

Tian-Le Liu, Fan Lyu, Ting-Liang Feng et al. · 0 citations