Hierarchically structured electrochemical biosensing interface for real-time monitoring of macrophage polarization.
Direct electrochemical detection of low-abundance biomarkers in serum necessitates the combination of sensitivity, anti-fouling capability, and biocompatibility. In this study, a hierarchically structured biosensing interface of AuNRs@PEG@PEDOT:Hep is constructed that incorporates vertically aligned gold nanorod arrays...