Review
Open access
Jul 2026
Extracellular vesicles in heart failure: bridging pathogenic insights, diagnostic utility, and therapeutic applications
Current evidence on the roles of EVs in key pathological processes of HF, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis are summarized and their potential as circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis are discussed.
Tingting Li, Jin Yang, Xin-Yue Ding et al.
· Frontiers in Pharmacology · 0 citations