Optimization of a Brownfield Microgrid Comprising a Diesel Power Plant, Solar Power Plant, and Energy Storage System to Support the Diesel Power Bunaken Island: Integration of HOMER Pro and PLS-SEM
Bunaken Island operates a diesel–PV–BESS hybrid microgrid; however, diesel dependence remains substantial because of degraded PV capacity, limited energy storage, and a temporal mismatch between solar generation and evening peak demand. This study evaluated a brownfield-based dedieselization strategy using a sequential...