Right Ventricular Dysfunction Across Chronic Kidney Disease Stages: An Echocardiographic Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by a substantial cardiovascular burden, yet right ventricular (RV) involvement is less consistently characterized than left ventricular disease. The RV is particularly vulnerable to changes in preload, pulmonary vascular load, anemia, volume expansion, and hemodia...