Differential Effects of Abdominal Bracing and Hollowing on Scapular Muscle Activation Patterns During the Y-Raise Exercise
Background: Trunk stability is closely linked to scapular muscle recruitment during upper-limb activities, yet the differential effects of abdominal bracing and hollowing on scapular muscle activation patterns remain unclear. Objective: To compare the effects of abdominal bracing, hollowing, and normal breathing on sca...