Assessment of obesity prevalence and associated factors in the russian federation based on the 2024 rosstat sample survey data
Aim. To assess the prevalence of obesity and identify the factors associated with it among the adult population in the Russian Federation in order to determine the main directions for the development of measures for obesity prevention. Materials and methods. We carried out a secondary analysis of the data from the selective monitoring of the population health status by the Federal State Statistics Service for 2024. The study included data from 95,887 respondents from all regions of the Russian Federation. Descriptive statistics, χ2 test, Mann – Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results. The prevalence of obesity among the adult population of the Russian Federation was 23.7% (class 1 – 17.9%, class 2 – 4.7%, and class 3 – 1.6%). Significant regional differences in the prevalence of obesity were revealed: from 6.6% in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug to 34.3% in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. The proportion of obese people was significantly higher among women (27.2% vs. 20.4% among men), rural residents (27.9% vs. 22.7% among urban residents), and respondents with low socioeconomic status. Multiple regression analysis revealed the most significant risk factors for obesity: lack of accessible sports infrastructure in the respondents’ area of residence (odds ratio (OR) = 2.71; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.608–4.471), retirement status (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.548–1.707), low income (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.014–2.477), and low awareness of balanced nutrition (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.243–1.659). Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, key areas for the development of measures for the prevention of obesity have been formulated: creating an environment that supports a healthy lifestyle; improving public health literacy; developing preventive healthcare; as well as developing and implementing measures taking into account regional specifics and the needs of various socio-demographic groups.