Analysis of circulatory extracellular vesicle–associated cytokines as candidate disease-associated markers in ER-positive breast cancer
Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by various cell types, including immune cells, and play important roles in tumor development and progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles secreted by all cell types, including cancer cells. EVs mediate intercellular communication throu...