Synthesis and characterization of SPIONs@APTES conjugated with chlorin E6 via carbodiimide for photodynamic therapy.
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumours and remains highly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches. Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising alternative. However, the clinical application of many photosensitisers is limited by low stability, poor solubility, and non-s...