Open access
2026
Assessment of stress in dogs through cortisol measurement: From a physiological indicator to a welfare biomarker
Stressors of varying intensity are an integral part of dogs' lives and may affect their behaviour, health status and overall welfare. Activation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to increased cortisol secretion, making cortisol one of the most widely used physiological indicators of the stress respo...
A. Ekert Kabalin, Vladimir Dimitrijević, S. Menčik et al.
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