Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm for Shariah-Constrained Portfolio Selection: A QUBO Formulation with Islamic Finance Penalty Terms
This paper presents an application of the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) to Islamic portfolio optimisation, formulating the Shariah-constrained asset allocation problem as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO) with explicit Islamic finance penalty terms. When augmented with AAOIFI Stan...