Augmenting City Models with Handheld LiDAR and 3D Gaussian Splatting for Inclusive Pedestrian Infrastructure Assessment
This study proposes a hybrid workflow integrating handheld LiDAR and 3D Gaussian Splatting within a CityGML-based semantic framework for accessibility assessment, contributing to the development of human-scale urban digital twins by integrating metric accuracy, semantic structure, and participatory evaluation for more...