Challenges to Hydrocarbon Proton-Exchange Membrane Conductivity: Examining Hydration, Conduction Pathways, and Activation Energy
Hydrocarbon ionomers have emerged as promising per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)-free alternatives to perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. This study systematically examines hydrocarbon ionomer performance over a broad range of humidity and temperature conditions to i...