Curcumin in inflammatory bowel disease: highlighting gut microbiota-metabolite-host interactions.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a complex interplay among epithelial barrier breakdown, immune dysregulation, microbial dysbiosis, and redox imbalance. Curcumin, a major curcuminoid from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and a widely used food ingredient, has attracted sustained interest as a dietary bioactive...