Review
Open access
Sep 2026
From IL-23/IL-17 to GM-CSF: how is the immuno-inflammatory continuum reshaped in spondyloarthritis?
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses axial SpA/ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis, unified by entheseal inflammation, extra-musculoskeletal manifestations, and a strong but atypical genetic signature. Although SpA lacks the highly specific...
Jun-Liang Jia, W. Xie, Jia-Wang Zhou et al.
· Frontiers in Immunology · 0 citations