Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Beyond Removal Efficiency: Pollutant Speciation, Metal Fate, and Closed-Loop Strategies for Electroplating Wastewater Treatment
Electroplating wastewater treatment is governed not only by total heavy-metal concentrations but also by metal speciation, organic complexation, salinity, intermittent discharge, and increasingly stringent requirements for water reuse and metal recovery. This review reframes recent advances from a removal-efficiency-ce...
Chang Liu, Xian-Can Zeng, Li-Chi Deng et al.
· Water · 0 citations