Open access
Aug 2026
Codon optimization depletes stop codons in alternative reading frames of protein-coding nucleic acid therapeutics.
Analysis of 120 therapeutic sequences, including FDA-approved COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, confirms widespread -1 frame stop codon depletion and establishes stop codon distribution as a critical design parameter for protein-coding nucleic acid therapeutics.
Zheling Liu, Zhenguang Ying, Luoan Shen et al.
· Proceedings of the National... · 0 citations