Indoor scene layout generation is a challenging task in interior design. Existing methods often oversimplify the task by reducing room conditions to coarse 3D bounding boxes and neglecting structural elements such as doors and windows. More fundamentally, many prior approaches formulate spatial reasoning as direct coordinate prediction, thereby casting interior layout design as continuous regression over raw geometric parameters, which hinders the model from learning the underlying reasoning logic of intelligent layout design. We propose \textbf{LayoutDSL}, a novel LLM-based framework for learning an interior layout policy in a domain-specific language (DSL) action space. The DSL provides an explicit symbolic representation of layout information and serves as a structured action space for layout reasoning, where each action corresponds to an interpretable design decision. Under this DSL-based policy learning paradigm, we construct 3D-FrontDSL, a dataset of room-structure annotations paired with synthetic DSL action sequences for supervised fine-tuning. To promote a more generalizable and scalable policy with verifiable feedback, we design rewards grounded in interior design principles and physical plausibility, and optimize the policy via reinforcement learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate that LayoutDSL substantially improves spatial plausibility and design logicality over strong baselines and existing methods.
Yuhao Lu, Weichen Zhang, Wenyi Xiao et al.· 0 citations
We introduce ActiveFly-Bench, the first benchmark to bridge cyberspace reasoning and physical-world interaction for UAV embodied perception. The benchmark decomposes active perception into three hierarchical tasks: Aerial Embodied Question Answering (Air-EQA), Observation Behavior Planning (OBP), and Fine-grained Language-guided UAV Control (FLUC), explicitly connecting high-level task understanding, behavior planning, and low-level control. The datasets are collected from both real-world and simulated outdoor environments for training and evaluation. We further develop ActiveFly, a closed-loop UAV agent that integrates visual-language reasoning with fine-grained control, and deploy it on a physical UAV platform. Experiments with representative VLMs and VLA models show that current UAV agents still struggle with behavior planning, viewpoint adjustment, and robust task completion in active perception. These results establish ActiveFly-Bench as a new testbed for embodied aerial intelligence.
Weichen Zhang, Shiquan Yu, Yinan Zhu et al.· 0 citations
This work designs a structured Chain-of-Thought (CoT) framework that explicitly models 3D environmental perception to ensure robust spatial understanding and reasoning and introduces a novel RL algorithm featuring multi-objective process rewards and a tailored advantage estimation method, facilitating fine-grained credit assignment across distinct segments of the reasoning trajectory.
Zile Zhou, Huining Yuan, Weichen Zhang et al.· 0 citations