Active ion transport in the gill of the estuarine bivalve Crassostrea hongkongensis under salinity stress: molecular evidence from homologs of typical ion transporters NKAα, NKCC1 and NHE3.
Whether marine bivalves, as osmoconformers, actively transport inorganic ions to counter osmotic stress remains unclear due to insufficient direct evidence. The estuarine bivalve Crassostrea hongkongensis offers an ideal model to address this issue, as our previous ultrastructural study hinted at the existence of ionoc...