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Wen-Hao Chai

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#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

EasyPPO: Stabilizing the Critic Is Key

A key strength of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is its learned critic, which uses historical trajectories collected during reinforcement learning to estimate expected returns and reduce policy-gradient variance. However, we find that the critic is also a major source of instability in reinforcement learning for la...

Xuan-Yi Zhou, Qiu-Yang Mang, Huan-Zhi Mao et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

When Agents Slow Down: Understanding LLM Agents'Test-Time Strategies via Elo-per-token Analysis

Large language model (LLM) agents allocate test-time compute adaptively as they revise solutions, use tools, explore alternatives, and decide when to stop. This test-time strategy makes it difficult to measure how agent performance scales. We study open-ended tasks that provide continuous scores for intermediate submis...

Kai-Yuan Liu, Qiu-Yang Mang, Bo-Fei Peng et al. · 2 citations
Review Aug 2026

MatrAIx: Simulating the World with 8.3 Billion Persona Agents

MatrAIx is introduced, a population-scale simulated-user evaluation infrastructure for testing AI systems and digital products with heterogeneous users and provides an end-to-end infrastructure for evaluating AI systems and digital products with diverse simulated human users.

Xiaomin Li, Yuexing Hao, Jian Hou et al. · 1 citation
Preprint Aug 2026

Learning What to Remember: Test-Time Training via Context Distillation

This work proposes TTCD, a TTT framework that introduces a self-supervised objective for allocating limited memory capacity for future use, and focuses on an in-place variant: In-Place TTCD, which uses the existing MLP parameters as the fast weights.

Zi-Xuan Wang, Xingyu Dang, Ruiming Zhu et al. · 0 citations

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